ĪCE inhibitors(ACE-I)/angiotensin receptor blockers(ARBs) are the initial treatment of choice for diabetic nephropathy. Amlodipine induces smooth muscle relaxation and is an effective short-term treatment for patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is an excessive vascular response to cold temperature, manifested clinically by color changes of the distal skin of the digits and toes, nose, and earlobes. Amlodipine also alleviates Prinzmetal or variant angina by blocking coronary spasms and restoring blood flow in the coronary arteries.

Reducing afterload leads to lowering myocardial oxygen demand at any level of exertion, as the heart does not need to work as hard to pump blood into the systemic circulation. Īmlodipine's role in relieving stable angina is due to the lowering of afterload secondary to its vasodilatory and antihypertensive properties.

Amlodipine decreases blood pressure by inducing smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilatation. Additionally, amlodipine has improved vascular endothelial function in hypertensive patients. Reduced intracellular calcium leads to decreased vascular smooth muscle contractility, increased smooth muscle relaxation, and resultant vasodilation. This sequence of events leads to a decreased vascular cross-sectional area, increased vascular resistance, and increased blood pressure.Īmlodipine works by blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. The vascular smooth muscle contraction becomes further amplified by calcium-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. MLCK is responsible for the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain, ultimately leading to muscle contraction and vasoconstriction. The calcium binds to intracellular calmodulin, which binds to and activates myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK). Normally, vascular smooth muscle contraction initiates when calcium enters the cell via voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels.

Half life cd key 25 digits